提高圩区自然抗洪排涝能力的探讨

本文结合无锡市圩区的自然条件．对圩区地面迳流成因及水量平衡、典型年份水位持续天数及对应降水量、排涝标准与圩区地面标高的关系等问题作了分析探讨；对提高圩区规划地面标准作了准优化计算。     

采用不同方法处理山区高速公路软基的效果分析

以GZ40勉宁高速公路为例,采用抛石挤淤法、粉喷桩法、孔内深层强夯挤密法和冲填法对不同路段软基进行了处理,通过现场的静荷载试验和面波剖面测试对不同方法的处理效果进行了分析,同时对4种方法进行了社会经济效益评价。分析表明以上4种方法均可适用于山区公路软基处理,而其中孔内深层强夯挤密法处理效果较好,且具有施工方便、速度快、无污染、对周围环境影响小和工程造价低等优点,具有广阔的应用前景和推广价值。     

瓦村枢纽下游引航道通航水流条件试验研究

为保证船闸口门区有利于通航的良好水流条件,采用整体定床物理模型对瓦村枢纽船闸下引航道及口门区通航水流条件进行研究。试验结果表明:受电站下泄尾水扩散及尾水渠出口右岸边坡挑流的影响,下引航道口门区水流流态较差,纵横向流速明显超标,不满足船舶安全航行要求。探讨了延长导航墙长度、扩挖尾水出口右岸边坡、增设隔流墩等措施对水流条件的影响,经模型方案比选及优化,确定了下引航道布置推荐方案,较好地解决了口门区横流较大的问题,使下引航道及口门区的水流条件满足船舶安全通航要求。     

城市发展与轨道交通建设

轨道交通建设发展是破解交通拥堵、交通污染、绿色出行环境差和停车难等城市病的有效途径。在轨道交通大发展机遇期,有必要探讨如何科学规划城市轨道交通系统,促进城市集约发展和改善城市交通状况。研究总结城市交通的内涵,即城市形成和发展中的内在要素,提出城市交通应服务于人的需求、组织城市高效可持续运行。从车辆技术成熟度与国产化水平、轨道交通制式多样化、轨道交通规划建设规模与城市形态和发展阶段的适配性、认证和标准体系、交通功能与城市功能融合的一体化土地开发、多模式公共交通衔接换乘等角度出发,梳理发展现况并归纳问题及症结。重点针对结合市情的轨道交通基础性问题,就科学规划城市和都市圈的轨道交通系统提出指导思想和具体建议。     

基于多旅行商问题的应急设施服务区划分模型

基于多旅行商问题，增设集散中心需求及应急服务设施资源容量约束条件，以最小化遍历区域内全部集散中心的综合旅行时间成本为优化目标，构建一种应急设施服务区划分模型，确定各应急设施的服务区范围.设计一种复合算法求解模型，首先基于P-中值选址模型的优化理念，形成初始方案；继而加入禁忌搜索算法，结合LKH求解器对模型进行迭代优化求得最优解.基于宁波市北仑区实际拓扑网络进行案例分析，验证了模型和求解方法的有效性.     

Influential vectors in fuel consumption by an urban bus operator: Bus route,driver behavior or vehicle type?

Energy costs account for an important share of the total costs of urban and suburban bus operators. The purpose of this paper is to expand empirical research on bus transit operation costs and identify the key factors that influence bus energy efficiency of the overall bus fleet of one operator and aid to the management of its resources.We estimate a set of multivariate regression models, using cross-section dataset of 488 bus drivers operating over 92 days in 2010, in 87 routes with different bus typologies, of a transit company operating in the Lisbon’s Metropolitan Area (LMA), Rodoviária de Lisboa, S.A.Our results confirm the existence of influential variables regarding energy efficiency and these are mainly: vehicle type, commercial speed, road grades over 5% and bus routes; and to a lesser extent driving events such as: sudden longitudinal decelerations and excessive engine rotation. The methodology proved to be useful for the bus operator as a decision-support tool for efficiency optimization purpose at the company level.     

采空区高速公路路基变形失稳的影响因素

矿体开采后会留下采空区.许多公路、铁路需要建在采空区之上或穿越这些采空区,面临因采空区塌陷所导致的路基失稳与破坏问题.了解采空区影响高速公路路基变形失稳的因素,对于有效避免此类病害发生具有重要指导意义.     

大丰港海域挟沙力关系式分析及应用

基于大丰港附近海域实测水文泥沙资料,对目前国内应用较为广泛的5种挟沙力关系式在大丰港附近海域进行应用计算,在此基础上,采用集中系数法和偏离系数法对计算结果进行对比分析。结果表明:河口水流挟沙力公式能较好地反映大丰港海域的水流挟沙情况,并拟合得到适用于大丰港海域的挟沙力关系式,将该公式应用于大丰港实际围垦工程中,通过建立二维水动力泥沙数学模型,计算得到的围垦后垦区海域年冲淤变化趋势,与数值模拟结果基本相同,表明该公式在大丰港海域具有良好的适用性。     

Conflict-free arrival and departure trajectory planning for parallel runway with advanced point-merge system

In this paper, an efficient trajectory planning system is proposed to solve the integration of arrivals and departures on parallel runways with a novel route network system. Our first effort is made in designing an advanced Point Merge (PM) route network named Multi-Level Point Merge (ML-PM) to meet the requirements of parallel runway operations. Then, more efforts are paid on finding a complete and efficient framework capable of dynamically modelling the integration of arrival and departure trajectories on parallel runways, modelling the conflict detection and resolution in presence of curved trajectory and radius-to-fix merging process. After that, a suitable mathematical optimization formulation is built up. Receding Horizon Control (RHC) and Simulated Annealing (SA) algorithms are proposed to search the near-optimal solution for the large scale trajectories in routine dense operations. Taking Beijing Capital International Airport (BCIA) as a study case, the experimental results show that our system shows good performances on the management of arrivals and departures. It can automatically solve all the potential conflicts in presence of dense traffic flows. With its unique ML-PM route network, it can realize a shorter flying time and a near-Continuous Descent Approach (CDA) descent for arrival aircraft, an economical climbing for departure aircraft, an easier runway allocation together with trajectory control solutions. It shows a good and dynamic sequencing efficiency in Terminal Manoeuvring Area (TMA). In mixed ML-PM mode, under tested conditions, our proposed system can increase throughput at BCIA around 26%, compared with baseline. The methodology defined here could be easily applied to airports worldwide.